Department of Justice, according to which serial murder involves at least two different murders that occur “over a period of time ranging from hours to years.” Such criticisms have led many scholars worldwide to adopt the definition put forward by the National Institute of Justice, an agency of the U.S. The FBI’s definition has been faulted because it excludes individuals who commit two murders and are arrested before they can commit more and individuals who commit most of their murders in a single location. In most definitions now, however, the number of events has been reduced, and even the FBI lowered the number of events to three in the 1990s. The FBI originally defined serial murder as involving at least four events that take place at different locations and are separated by a cooling-off period. The term serial murder was popularized in the 1970s by Robert Ressler, an investigator with the Behavioral Science Unit of the U.S. There has been considerable debate among criminologists about the proper definition of serial murder. Serial murder is distinguished from mass murder, in which several victims are murdered at the same time and place. Although this definition is widely accepted, the crime is not formally recognized in any legal code, including that of the United States. Serial murder, also called serial killing, the unlawful homicide of at least two people carried out by the same person (or persons) in separate events occurring at different times.
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